Ammonia, also known as ammonia water, the main component of NH3-H2O, is an aqueous solution of ammonia, colorless and transparent and has a pungent odor. Ammonia melting point -77℃, boiling point 36℃, density 0.91g/cm³. Ammonia is soluble in water and ethanol. Volatile, with some alkali properties, ammonia is produced by ammonia gas into water. Ammonia is toxic, irritating and corrosive to eyes, nose and skin, can make people asphyxiate, the maximum permissible concentration in the air is 30mg/m3. It is mainly used as fertilizer.

Industrial ammonia is an aqueous solution containing 25% to 28% ammonia, only a small part of ammonia molecules in ammonia react with water to form ammonia monohydrate, which is a weak base that exists only in ammonia. The freezing point of ammonia is related to the concentration of ammonia, and the freezing point of commonly used (wt)20% concentration is about -35℃. Neutralization reaction with acid generates heat. There is a danger of combustion and explosion. Specific heat capacity is 4.3×10³J/kg-°C (10% ammonia).

Laboratory Use

Ammonia is an important laboratory reagent, mainly used as analytical reagent, neutralizer, alkaloid leaching agent, aluminum salt synthesis and weak alkaline solvent. It is used for the synthesis of aluminum salts and the determination of certain elements (e.g. copper, nickel), and is used to precipitate hydroxides of various elements.

Military Application

Used as an alkaline disinfectant for sarin-type agents. Dilute ammonia at a concentration of 10% (density 0.960) is commonly used, or 20% for winter use.

Industrial Use

It is used in wool spinning, silk, printing and dyeing industries for washing wool, tweed and grey cloth, dissolving and adjusting acidity and alkalinity, and as auxiliary dyeing agent. Organic industry as an amine agent, the production of thermosetting phenolic resin catalyst, inorganic industry for the preparation of various iron salts.

Industry used in large-scale integrated circuits decompression or plasma CVD to grow silica film boiler feed water pH regulator, ammonia is used to neutralize the carbonic acid in the feed water to raise the pH and slow down the corrosion of carbon dioxide in the feed water. It is also a boiler shutdown protection agent, and has a good protection effect on boilers with a small amount of water stored in the boiler that cannot be released.

Dilute ammonia is used in medicine to stimulate respiration and circulation reflexively, cure fainting and syncope, and as a skin stimulant and disinfectant.

It is used as detergent, neutralizer and alkaloid leaching agent. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, yarn cover industry and tanning.

Agricultural Use

Diluted as fertilizer in agriculture

Another Name

ammonia (chemistry)

Formula

NH₃·H₂0

Molecular Mass

35.045

CAS Login Number

1336-21-6

EINECS Registration Number...

215-647-6

Melting Point

-77℃

Boiling

37.7°C (25%)24.7°C (32%)

Solubility

Insoluble

Densities

0.91 g/cm³ (25 %)0.88 g/cm³ (32 %)

View sth from the outside

Colorless transparent liquid

Appliance

Chemical field